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5 loài cá có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng

KHDS 141 Comments

Tình trạng đánh bắt trái phép và ô nhiễm nguồn nước trầm trọng khiến cho rất nhiều loài cá có ngu cơ biến mất hoàn toàn. Những loài cá đó là gì? Trong bài viết này, chúng tôi sẽ tiết lộ cho bạn top loài cá có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng.

Dưới đây là danh sách các loài cá có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng và cần bảo tồn nghiêm ngặt:

1. Cá bơn Đại Tây Dương

Nằm trong top loài cá có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng, cá bơn đại tây dương là loài lớn nhất trong số các loài cá dẹt. Chúng được tìm thấy ở vùng New England Trung Đại Tây Dương. Giống cá này có tuổi thọ 50 năm, nó có thể đạt chiều dài 15 feet (4,5 mét) và nặng tới khoảng 700 pound (318 kg).

Nhưng vì loài cá phát triển chậm này không trưởng thành về mặt sinh dục cho đến khi nó được 10 đến 14 tuổi, nên nó đặc biệt dễ bị đánh bắt quá mức. Trong khi cá bơn Đại Tây Dương thường được đánh bắt bằng lưỡi câu, chúng thường bị đánh bắt dưới dạng đánh bắt phụ trong nghề lưới kéo đáy. Tổ chức IUCN phân loại chúng là loài có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng và số lượng của chúng dự kiến sẽ không phục hồi trong tương lai gần.

Loài cá có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng 1

Điều này đã thúc đẩy chính phủ Mỹ  quản lý hoạt động đánh bắt cá bơn Đại Tây Dương ở vùng biển ven bờ của mình. Dự trữ cá bơn Đại Tây Dương đang ở mức rất thấp, theo Cơ quan Khí quyển và Đại dương Quốc gia.

2. Cá Tầm Beluga

Cá tầm Beluga nổi tiếng trong ẩm thực nhờ thịt phi lê và trứng của nó làm món trứng cá muối ngon không cưỡng nổi. Loại cá này có nguồn gốc từ Biển Caspi, có niên đại hơn 200 triệu năm, có thể dài tới 24 feet (7 mét), nặng hơn 3.500 pound (1.588 kg) và sống đến 100 tuổi.

Do sự phổ biến, hấp dẫn của món trứng cá tầm Beluga, chúng bị đánh bắt quá mức – điển hình là bằng lưới rê – đây là mối đe dọa lớn đối với loài này. Điều này đặc biệt có vấn đề vì con đực sinh sản lần đầu tiên khi 10-15 tuổi và con cái sau 15-18 tuổi, với độ dài thế hệ ước tính là 20-25 năm.

Ngoài áp lực đánh bắt cá, cá tầm beluga còn bị suy giảm môi trường sống, đã mất 90% khu vực sinh sản lịch sử của chúng trong vài thập kỷ qua. Vì những áp lực này, cá tầm beluga là loài cực kỳ nguy cấp và dân số dự kiến sẽ tiếp tục suy giảm.

Loài cá có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng 2

Thống kê từ Quỹ động vật hoang dã thế giới cho thấy vào năm 1992, 573 tấn (520 tấn) beluga đã được đánh bắt trong khi năm 2007, 36 tấn (33 tấn) đã được đánh bắt, tức là sản lượng đánh bắt giảm 93%. Vào năm 2020, 7.000 con cá tầm con nuôi trong trang trại đã được thả vào sông Danube để giúp đảo ngược tình trạng suy giảm dân số này.

3. Cá ngừ vây xanh phương Nam

Cá ngừ vây xanh phương Nam cũng nằm trong danh sách những loài cá có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng trong những năm trở lại đây.

Nguồn gốc của loài cá này được tìm thấy ở Đại Tây Dương, Ấn Độ Dương và Thái Bình Dương. Chúng có thể dài tới 8 feet (2,4 mét), nặng tới 573 pound (260 kg) và sống đến ít nhất 40 tuổi. Các ngừ vây xanh phương Nam đã phân loại cá ngừ vây xanh phía nam là loài cực kỳ nguy cấp, vì ước tính sinh khối trữ lượng sinh sản đã giảm khoảng 85% từ năm 1973 đến năm 2009.

Loài cá có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng 3

Loài này đã bị đánh bắt ồ ạt kể từ những năm 1950, nhờ vào sự phổ biến của món sushi trên toàn thế giới. Dân số ước tính sẽ giảm xuống dưới 500 cá thể trưởng thành trong 100 năm nữa nếu việc khai thác cá hiện tại vẫn tiếp tục

4. Cá Tráp Cam

Loài cá này còn có tên tiếng anh là Orange Roughy. Đặc trưng của loài cá này là có màu cam, chúng được tìm thấy hầu hết ở tại các bờ biển của New Zealand, Australia, Namibia và vùng đông bắc Đại Tây Dương và Ấn Độ Dương-Thái Bình Dương.

Tuổi sinh sản của cá Tráp cam là từ 20 đến 32 và chúng có thể sống hơn 140 năm. Tuy nhiên, các ngư dân đánh bắt khi chúng kiếm ăn theo đàn, phần lớn ở giai đoạn sinh sản nên khiến cả thế hệ bị quét sạch.

Loài cá có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng 4

Cá Tráp cam được người Mỹ rất thích, chúng là một trong những nguyên liệu chế biến món ngon trong các nhà hàng ở Hoa Kỳ,  cả da và phi lê đều được sử dụng. Sự suy giảm đáng kể về số lượng của loài này chỉ sau 25 năm khai thác thương mại cũng phần lớn do nguyên nhân này.

5. Cá tra dầu khổng lồ sông Mekong

Loài cá này cũng nằm trong list các loài cá có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng nhất hiện nay. Loài cá này có kích thước khổng lồ và sống ở sông Mekong.

Đặc điểm dễ nhận ra của giống cá này là có chiếc đầu rất to và dẹp, miệng rộng với hai râu dài ở hàm trên, vây lưng nhỏ và vây bụng kéo dài đến vây đuôi.

Loài cá có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng 5

Một con cá tra dầu sông Mekong trưởng thành có thể đạt kích thước 3 mét và nặng 300 kg. Hiện nay, ở hạ lưu con sông Mekong chảy qua 4 quốc gia Đông nam Á là  Lào, Việt Nam, Campuchia và Thái Lan thì số lượng loài cá này bị suy giảm đáng báo động.

Trên đây là top loài cá có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng đã được chúng tôi thống kê chi tiết. Hy vọng bài viết này sẽ nâng cao kiến thức cho động giả và thúc đẩy các hoạt động bảo tồn sinh vật biển trong tương lai.

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